Because the joystick is moved, the potentiometers’ resistance modifications, leading to various voltage levels that may be browse by a microcontroller or other processing unit. Note that this example assumes that you are making use of an Arduino-suitable board that supports the Joystick library, like the Arduino Leonardo or Micro. https://troyjmnlk.designi1.com/58817104/joystick-controller-no-further-a-mystery